TEACHING METHODS OF ANCIENT IRRIGATION HISTORY: EFFECTIVE APPROACHES TO INTEGRATING ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA WITH TECHNICAL PROJECTS

Abstract

Abstract. It is well known from history that ancient irrigation systems artificial water supply methods for agriculture - played a crucial role in the development of human civilization. By constructing irrigation canals and reservoirs necessary for agriculture, people in ancient times were able to transform arid and semi-desert regions into fertile agricultural lands. The southern regions of Kazakhstan, namely Zhetysu and the Syr Darya basin (modern-day Almaty and Turkistan regions), were major centers of such irrigation culture. Archaeological excavations have revealed traces of numerous irrigation networks near ancient cities and settlements in these areas. For instance, remains of ancient canals and water reservoirs have been discovered near medieval cities such as Otyrar and Sygnak. These findings confirm the wide development of agriculture and the use of irrigation technologies in southern Kazakhstan in antiquity. Today, teaching the history of ancient irrigation is important not only for understanding the past, but also for integrating it with modern technical education. Combining archaeological data with projects in engineering and natural sciences enhances student engagement and allows for a deeper understanding of historical content. Through such interdisciplinary approaches, students gain insights into ancient engineering achievements and develop the ability to relate them to modern technological and design skills. This article explores the archaeological foundations of ancient irrigation systems in southern Kazakhstan, their historical and social significance, as well as methodological approaches to integrating them into technical projects for educational purposes.